Personal Narrative My Perfect Life - 989 Words

Behind my surgically corrected smile, there is another story: a story of pain, suffering, and prosperity. In my earlier years, I had what some may call a perfect life. I had a mother and father who loved me, a sister who adored me, and a 2-story house, with my own playground set, which I found absolutely spectacular. On Molly Sue Lane, some of my greatest memories were formed. I remember my Strawberry Shortcake birthday party in the pool house, playing hide-and-seek when my dad came home, (or when I got in trouble) and putting out milk in an attempt to catch the adorable rabbits that would always find themselves in my backyard. I loved learning, especially since I was homeschooled by my mom. My favorite part was the luxury to wake up†¦show more content†¦Family and friends would catch me on video trying to compose music. I would imagine that my little fingers were creating a masterpiece, when in reality, something near nonsense was escaping the strings through sound vibratio n. However, when I moved to Bermuda, my piano was left behind. (My mom was offered a job with the Bermuda Government.) Living in Bermuda also offered us family support (all of my mom’s family lived in Bermuda). We moved into my grandmother’s house where we all stayed in one bedroom with one bed. In addition to the new living arrangements, this would also be my first year in traditional schooling. I started the third grade at The Bermuda Institute of Seventh-day Adventists. If you didn’t know me then, you would never believe that I was the quietest person in my class. My version of talking was a whisper. Some may have even thought that I was mute. It was around this time that my mom lost our houses in Georgia. Not only did she loose our houses, but she also struggled to pay my sister’s and my school fees and to make ends meet. Even with financial aid from my school and contributions from my family, we were often put on financial suspension or kept from tak ing semester exams because we had outstanding balances. Some years we didn’t even start school on time. Later that year, we moved out of my grandmother’s house and into a rental- my mother’s attempt at giving us a normal life. Of course, paying rent added to the already expensive living costs thatShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Life Was Perfect1589 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   My life was perfect. Every morning I woke up and my clothes were at the foot of my bed, my breakfast was on my table, and my servants were waiting to fill my bath. I had no reason to be unhappy, but I was. Everything was boring. There was nothing new to see, as if the world was devoid of anything original. The women, ladies and peasants alike, weren’t anything to look at, each the same with brown hair, blue eyes, and pale skin. I went out into my kingdom and the people were all the same, sellingRead MoreIllness Narrative Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMy Illness Narrative Sharing and listening to the illness narratives in class is an experience that I do not think I could ever forget. Listening to people share their raw emotions and stories of struggle and illness was eye opening, My own illness narrative could be described as a quest narrative and more specifically an automythology. This is because as I stated in my presentation, I became a better person, adopted skills that helped me deal with my father’s illness, understood what it is likeRead MoreFor Many Human Beings, It Is Natural To Go Through Multiple1714 Words   |  7 Pagesbut Adele has a certain theme to her songs besides love; rather it is a theme of her personal growth of self value regarding the chronological stages of her conflicted relationships. Besides Adele, this is a topic that many people may go through as the objective is to learn from their mistakes and better future relationships through trial and error. This improvement may be seen in the academic article, â€Å"Pers onal Growth Following Romantic Relationship Breakups† by Ty Tashiro and Patricia Frazier.Read MoreComparsion of Voltaire and Gronniosaw ´s Philosophy Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesvery different. Candide is a philosophical satirical novel that ingeniously shakes the misinterpretation of doctrinal optimism. Whilst A Narrative of the Life of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw written by himself, (For the purpose of this essay, ‘A Narrative.’) is an autobiographical, and spiritual account of Gronniosaw’s Journey. This essay will look at the narrative techniques and the distinctive features of the language used in both extracts. (Voltaire, Gronniosaw, A230, Assessment Guide, 2013)Read MoreAnalysis Of Mother Tongue By Amy Tan913 Words   |  4 Pagesby Amy Tan In the narrative essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue† by Amy Tan, the author sets out the story between her mother, whose English is her second language, and Tan herself can speak native English very well. The essay covers the tonal shift of Amy Tan s psychological change, from grudge to understanding. Although she begins the essay saying, I am not a scholar of English or literature. I cannot give you much more than personal opinions on the English language and its variationsRead MorePersonality Can Be A Hard Concept To Pinpoint, Considering1315 Words   |  6 Pagesextravert. For me I believe my personal narrative has had a large impact on my personality and so I am going to start there. I believe that an individuals personal narrative can be one of the most telling signs of one’s true personality, or at least what got them to how they are today. Most of the theories and the personality tests are used to apply to the masses and they are then able to portion off smaller groups to certain personalities. With a personal narrative however, this really dives deepRead MoreTravel and Culture1497 Words   |  6 PagesGot Her Groove Back, a novel about a woman, Stella Payne, searching for happiness and self-fulfillment, we discover that the resort workers had no benefits outside of a room to sleep on and food. The greatest disadvantage of tourism, in my opinion, is the narrative that tourists are sold when the visit their destination countries. This is due to that cultural deconstruction occurring on most ‘host† countries. The true culture of a nation is lost in the midst of the â€Å"performances† that are put on forRead MoreThe Heroes From Each Narrative1590 Words   |  7 PagesBoth of the heroes from each narrative face a certain goal to accomplish yet struggle in life at first in their own personal ways. For instance, in Tomorrowland Casey Newton, playing the role as the main character in the story and also playing the hero figure faces the challenge of reaching another dimension called Tomorrowland and also faces living with her father who is struggling with the fact that he might lose his job. And in the film Meet the Robinsons Lewis the main character and the filmsRead MoreThe Hippocratic Oath, By Atul Gawande1344 Words   |  6 Pagesof practicing medicine, ma intaining respect for patients, and preserving humility within themselves. Modern day practice of this oath involve patient’s stories. Rita Charon in her article â€Å"What to do with Stories? The sciences of Narrative Medicine,† explores narrative writing and how to use it as a tool in healing patients. While Charon focuses on the writing of these stories, Atul Gawande’s book Being Mortal reflects on how to make more meaningful endings out of the stories of patients who areRead MoreI Am The Product Of Clark County Educational System Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesReflection Introduction Writing has never been my forte. Nevertheless, this is not to say that I could not write. Throughout the semester with the assigned reading assignments and the given practical writing exercises I have come to grasp a vague understanding, I had never been taught how to write essays correctly. I am the product of Clark County Educational system. I have always struggled through my last classes and hoped to get out of my struggles this semester. One the greatest challenges that

Sociology Of Sports And Society - 1081 Words

Table of Contents Introduction 2 Sociology in Sport 2 Access and Equity 2 Access 2 Equity 2 Figueroa Framework 3 Access Equity in Australia 3 Figueroa Framework â€Å"Interpersonal† 3 â€Å"Interpersonal† Impact on decisions this paragraph should flow directly on from the previous paragraph 5 Barriers 5 Introduction Sociology in Sport Sociology of sports, also referred to as sports sociology, is the study of the relationship between sports and society. It examines how culture and values influence sports, how sports influences culture and values, and the relationship between sports and media, politics, economics, religion, race, gender, youth, etc. (Crossman, 2015). It also looks at the relationship between sports and social inequality and social mobility (Crossman, 2015). Access and Equity Access The process by which efforts are made to ensure that everyone, regardless of their background, experiences and circumstances, can gain access to services and facilities that they need to achieve their own potential in life (Casebourne Britton, 2002) Equity Equity is about fairness in sport, equality of access, recognizing inequalities and taking steps to address them. It is about changing the culture and structures of sport to ensure that it becomes equally accessible to all members of society, whatever their age, ability, gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality or social or economic status (England, 2010). Figueroa Framework Professor Peter Figueroa developed a tool toShow MoreRelatedSports And Society : Annual Review Of Sociology880 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Journal â€Å"Sport and Society: Annual Review of Sociology† written by Robert E. Washington and David Karen they talk about gender and sports in one section of their Journal. In this section the author addresses masculinity in sports and the attempts of Title IX to try and make sports equal in the sense that if women make up 40% of the athlete population they should receive 40% of the resources. However, this is not the case â€Å"The most recent data (Suggs 2000) reveal that in 1998–1999 women madeRead MoreEssay on John J. Coakley on the Sociology of Sport1056 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent around other friends? Sociology is the study of these and other social behaviors and how people interact with others in groups. The sociology of sport is seen as a subdivision of sociology where the main focus is on the relationship between society and sport. There are many ways to analyze the sociology of sport. One way is to look behind what society sees as real to see if things are really as they seem. Another way to analyze the sociology of sport is to objectively look at otherRead MoreSport Sociology : Sports As A Part Of Cultural And Social Life1577 Words   |  7 PagesReview Sport sociology examines sports as a part of cultural and social life, and adds a different dimension and perspective to the study of sport and exercise. More specifically, sport sociology examines the relationship between sports and society and seeks answers to many issues and questions regarding sport and culture. Sociology of sport poses critical and controversial issues; additionally, sports are considered a microcosm of society, the same social issues that exist in larger society also existRead MoreM382 Exam 1study Guide Essays1036 Words   |  5 PagesExam I Study Guide 1. Definition and focus of sport sociology. a. Sociology: interaction between groups and their inherent cultures b. Sport sociology: relationship between sport and society by examining its inherent institutions (race, genders†¦) i. â€Å"Sport is a microcosm of society. It mirrors our culture† (drugs, women, scandal) 2. Definition of the following terms: c. Socialization: The process of interacting with other people and learning social customsRead MoreSport Management and Sociology of Sport1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relationship between Sport Management and the Sociology of Sport Brad Davis Southern New Hampshire University Abstract Across all levels of sports, perhaps the connection between sport and society is the most valuable and co-dependent element for sport managers to understand. Without the impact our society has on sport, athletes, owners, television networks and sponsors would not spend or generate hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue. If sport managers fail to grasp and understandRead MoreInequality Young People with Disabilities Experience in Leisure Activities1724 Words   |  7 Pagesapproaches can be applied, and in this case psychology and sociology will be explored. More specifically psychology and how body image and cyber bullying can impact leisure participation, along with sociology, which gives an insight into gendered leisure and social class. This essay will explore inequality and will be achieved by critically examining 5 young people with disabilities on a trip to The Melbourne Cup. By applying psychology and sociology disciplines to the hypothetical study can help explainRead M oreImportance Of Sport1702 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is interesting about sport? Sport: small word, big concept. The purpose of this essay is to highlight what aspects of sport are interesting, further linking it to a specific discipline. There are many disciplines within sport that are interesting, however, from my point of view, sociology is the most interesting one as it gives a true picture to what sports is like within society, in addition it emphasises the significance of sport in society since the early nineteenth century (Bell, 2009)Read MoreGender Inequality For Women s Sports982 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: INEQUALITIES FOR WOMEN IN SPORTS Inequalities for Women in Sports T’Keyah Thomas Georgia Southern University Sociology 1101 October 18, 2015 Sociology 1101: Reasearch Proposal Inequalities for Women in Sports Introduction: As an adolescent, I was very interested in sports. In fact, sports were all around me. I was usually the tallest of my friends, therefore I was faced with more opportunities concerning sports. The main sports I played were basketball and softballRead MoreMy Social Science Requirement For My Associate Degree923 Words   |  4 Pages At first I took this sociology course because I needed to cover my social science requirement for my associate degree. During the first week of school, I started reading the sociology book by Schaefer, and I became interested in the theories that sociologist came up with. When I started reading the modern development theorists, Charles Horton Cooley, it was so fascinating because he focused on social interaction. Cooley came up with the concept called â€Å"looking glass self†, and I will explainRead MorePsychology And Sociology And Psychology1612 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of the behavior. Although these two sciences have enormous differences, for those whom never had read anything about this topics it would seem the same. Despite bearing some superficial similarities, the differences between sociology and psychology are pronounced. Actually the main contrast between them is

Social Media Marketing for Information- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Why is Facebook appealing to companies? Answer: With the advent of technology, it has become easier for companies to advertise their products before a larger customer base. An organization, especially if it is a startup, can reach out to as many as 1 billion people, target exactly the demographic population as the company wishes, as well as establish direct communication with the consumers. The major reason why most of the companies prefer to open up a Facebook page is that is the only social media tool that helps in driving maximum possible traffic to the companys website (Ashley Tuten, 2015). The organizations nowadays, start up their Facebook page, in order to gain greater recognition among the masses. Facebook allows the companies increase their website traffic by offering large and clickable images and posts of the companies in the newsfeed of the Facebook users. Accordingly, on clicking the pictures, the users completely unaware of the existence of the company, will be directed to the website or Facebook page of the specifi c company. While there are multiple social media tools that can help a company offer basic information to the consumers about its products and services, Facebook is the most comprehensive solution for a company willing to publicize its products or services. Just like Instagram, Facebook can share interesting pictures and posts directly related to its business, or like Twitter, it can communicate with the existent and the potential consumers through comments on these posts. Again, Facebook also offers the companies the video sharing option like YouTube, to keep the consumers updated regarding the recent happenings and events within the organization (Tuten Solomon, 2014). As Facebook allows a company continually shares its pictures and posts with the Facebook users, it helps a company gain swift recognition, by raising brand awareness among the people. The number of likes on a social media page can also largely influence the buying behavior of the consumers. In case a consumer hears the names of two different companies selling similar products, he may think of conducting a social media research on which brand is more popular. The company that has got the maximum number of likes on its Facebook page will attract the consumer attention, as it would be believed to be the more reliable brand of the two. Again, the most important factor that attracts the maximum number of business owners to start up their Facebook page is the targeted advertising system facilitated by Facebook. Since the targeted advertising feature is available on Facebook, the user of a Facebook business page can pay to find out the details regarding the relevant users, so to deliver the targeting advertising to the specific group of people. Often the companies fail to deliver their advertisements to the right consumers, and consequently despite a huge investment on advertisement campaigns, they fail to increase their profitability (Tiago Verssimo, 2014). On the other hand, in case of Facebook, the companies can identify the consumers who would be interested in buying their products or services, based on their demographic information such as age, sex or areas of interest, and can target the relevant customer base only. The audience selection tools form an interesting feature of Facebook, not available on any onlin e site. Last but not the least, while other social media channels can cost a company thousands of dollars in order to invest in marketing campaigns, Facebook is very cost-effective. As a result, small and medium scale organizations tend to use Facebook for endorsing their products. In what ways Facebook is used as a social media marketing tool to promote the product and strengthen customer relationship and to gather consumer feedback? The most conventional way of promoting a product on Facebook involves the process of sharing pictures and posts of the product, while also mentioning a few innovative features with the help of a catchy tagline. Often the companies also promote their products by sharing interesting photos and videos, indirectly related to the product. A company that intends to attract consumer attention must ensure that it is not bluntly asking its consumers to go out, and buy the products. Rather it should post fun, interesting and unique contents that compel more people to share, and like and comment, thereby enhancing the visibility of the post. For example, Pringles, the potato chip selling company does not literally ask its consumers to buy its products via Facebook, but rather posts funny pictures of a container, with a Pringles packet in hand exclaiming May Day (Tsimonis Dimitriadis 2014). While the Facebook users will share or comment on the post simply because it is funny, they cannot help b ut notice the brand name. Again, Amazon instead of telling people to use their sites, prefer to share emotional stories of users gifting parents and friends on special occasions, thereby stirring the emotions of the users, and convincing them the need to buy products via online sites and buy gifts for each other. Again, in order to promote their products, some companies often ask their consumers to refer their Facebook pages to friends whereby the former can get attractive discounts and coupons. Companies also pen up contests to increase customer engagement. For example, a mobile selling company can ask its followers to share their best selfie, and can accordingly reward the 10 best selfie clickers (Hyder, 2016). This can help in increasing customer engagement, and will lead to greater number of Likes and Shares on Facebook. Again, this will also help in strengthening customer relationship. Interacting with the consumers, solving their queries and offering them attractive discounts and offers for their continual support can also lead to high rates of customer retention. This is the reason why many companies hire social media experts, meant for managing the customer queries, asking their feedback, resolving their problems via Facebook Messengers if any, and updating them about the recent discounts and lucrative offers. In order to get customer feedback, the companies often use Facebook Messenger, and ask the customers directly if they are encountering any problem or not (Ngai et al., 2015). Often the customers are also being reached out via viral posts shared by the companys Facebook page, where the users have commented and the social media managers can reply directly to the comments. However, the most feasible solution adopted by the companies, for assessing consumer feedback is the use of the Facebook Insights (Rutsaert et al., 2013). The powerful tool helps in tracking consumer interaction on the company Facebook page, analyze the total number of likes and s hares and compare the same over the number of years. With the help of this analytical tool, the companies understand the performance of the Facebook page and the consumer perception about the brand of the company. How do social media marketing tools such as Facebook differ from the traditional marketing tools? Promotion and advertisements, social media channels are being preferred over the latter. Hence, it would be interesting to analyze the differences between the social media tools and the traditional marketing tools. First of all, while traditional media channels believe in disrupting the conversation, and attracting the consumer attention, via a poster, flyer or a TV ad, the social media tools intend to join the conversation. In other words, social media tools help different companies to connect with people, socialize with the target group on a personal basis, build a rapport and thereby sell their products (MacCarthy, 2015). On the other hand, traditional media channels believe in informing the consumer about the basic details of products such as price and its use, and asking them to buy the products. There is a sense of community engagement in social media sites that easily help in attracting consumer attention that is completely absent in the traditional media tools. There is no po int in stating the obvious fact that social media tools are much cheaper and cost effective than the traditional media tools. In fact, social media tools are the only media that helps a company gain exposure before 1,000 people in lieu of less than $3 (Aral et al., 2013). Considering the fact, that social media tools such as Facebook has over 890 million users daily, the social media tools can help a company reach a huge customer base, than any of the traditional media tools (Ashley Tuten, 2015). However, the traditional media tools like newspapers or magazines can reach a limited number of consumers, residing in a specific area, or buying a specific newspaper or magazine only. While the social media tools can accurately target the most relevant audience, the traditional tools cannot do the same. The kind of active engagement that the social media sites owners can do with their consumers is impossible in case of traditional media tool. The process of regularly interacting with the consumers help the companies create a buzz about their brands as well as gain insight into the consumer expectations, and hence this is one great advantage that the social media users can avail, otherwise denied to the traditional media users. While a company looking for social media marketing campaign can do that with much ease in a highly dynamic way, the users of traditional media tools not only will require a generous budget but also a highly organized approach, for selecting the time or place of distribution of relevant information. Reference List: Aral, S., Dellarocas, C., Godes, D. (2013). Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), 3-13. Ashley, C., Tuten, T. (2015). Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), 15-27. Ashley, C., Tuten, T. (2015). Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), 15-27. Hyder, S. (2016).The Zen of social media marketing: an easier way to build credibility, generate buzz, and increase revenue. BenBella Books, Inc.. Macarthy, A. (2014).500 Social Media Marketing Tips: Essential Advice, Hints and Strategy for Business: Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Google+, YouTube, Instagram, LinkedIn, and More!. CreateSpace. Ngai, E. W., Moon, K. L. K., Lam, S. S., Chin, E. S., Tao, S. S. (2015). Social media models, technologies, and applications: an academic review and case study.Industrial Management Data Systems,115(5), 769-802. Rutsaert, P., Regan, ., Pieniak, Z., McConnon, ., Moss, A., Wall, P., Verbeke, W. (2013). The use of social media in food risk and benefit communication.Trends in Food Science Technology,30(1), 84-91. Tiago, M. T. P. M. B., Verssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), 703-708. Tsimonis, G., Dimitriadis, S. (2014). Brand strategies in social media.Marketing Intelligence Planning,32(3), 328-344. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage.

Young Americans And The Role They Play Essays -

Young Americans And The Role They Play Ever since the United States decided to have a president, there has always been controversy on how to elect the right leader of our country. We will be looking at the qualifications such as: accomplishments, experiences in education, government, military, political and world views, and character needed in a person to be the best leader possible to represent this country. What qualifications should be used in electing a president? There are many qualifications that should be met in order to be elected the president. He/she must have a good educational background, show evidence of accomplishments, experience in government and military, policy expertise, and he/she must have good character. Accomplishments and experience are two important qualifications to look for in a presidential candidate. He/she must have a good educational background to be able to lead our whole country. Everyday he/she would be facing numerous problems and obstacles. The president must know the smartest thing to do in every situation. They must know the difference between resolutions that last short amounts of time and ones that will continue to help our country far into the future. A presidential candidate must also show evidence of accomplishments throughout their life and most importantly have experience in the government. Experience in military is also a big advantage in a candidate. Theyd have knowledge and experience in situations of war if it were to arise. These skills in a president would greatly assist him/her to do a better job running the country. Probably the most controversial quality a president could have would have to be his/her political views on our country, along with the role it plays with the rest of the world. When a candidate speaks about how he/she is going to change the country, the audience can make or break the candidate. Even though there is going to be some people that dont agree with what the president says, the majority of the people agree on certain issues that the president focuses on. The candidate should have knowledge on what the public wants and their opinions on the world, but should also keep their views as close to their own as possible. Along with focusing on our own countrys problems he/she must also focus on what is going on around the world and how it will or may affect our own country. The candidate must be able to convince the public that he/she can resolve our countrys problems and improve it in any way possible. Even though character may not be the most important quality the citizens of this country have made electing a president into a popularity contest. What really should count though is the candidates true character rather than how the public perceives him/her. So how would you know a candidates true character without actually knowing them personally? I feel the best judgement of character comes from knowledge of their past. Some good things to aide you with this knowledge would be how the candidate did in school, what they did with their lives, how they get along with family members and friends, and their willingness to help others. Character to me is the qualities that make up a person, good and bad. If a person inspires to become president his/her character should consist of many good qualities. A leader should be honest, caring but also strict, loyal, he/she must set a good example for people to follow, ambition and desire to improve our country in any way possible, and he/she must b e moral and ethical. Those are just a few characteristics needed in a person if they are to make a good president. For example, our current president Clinton, in my opinion has been a good one. He has done many things to improve our country and as president for eight years hes gotten a lot done. However as a result of some bad character choices he is probably disliked by most of the public and will be looked back at as a joke to our country. Good character is an important value and it should play a part in the voters decision. Though it shouldnt be the deciding factor. The topics Ive discussed in this paper are all very important

Emperors of Chinas Xia Dynasty

Emperors of Chinas Xia Dynasty According to legend, the Xia Dynasty ruled China beginning more than four thousand years ago. Although no firm documentary evidence has yet been found for this period, it is possible that some form of evidence exists, like the  oracle bones  that have proved the existence of the Shang Dynasty (1600 - 1046 BCE). The Xia Kingdom supposedly grew up along the Yellow River, and its first leader was a sort of community organizer named Yu who got all of the people to cooperate in creating dams and canals to control the annual river floods. As a result, their agricultural production and their population increased, and they selected him to become their leader under the name of Emperor Yu the Great. We know about these legends thanks to much later Chinese historical chronicles such as the  Classic of History  or  Book of Documents.  Some scholars believed that this work was compiled from earlier documents by Confucius himself, but that seems unlikely. Xia history is also recorded in the  Bamboo Annals, another ancient book of unknown authorship, as well as in Sima Qians  Records of the Grand Historian  from 92 BCE. There is often more truth than we might guess in ancient myths and legends. That certainly has proved true in the case of the dynasty that came after the Xia, the Shang, which was long thought to be mythical until archaeologists discovered the above-mentioned oracle bones bearing the names of some of the mythical Shang emperors. Archaeology may one day prove the doubters wrong about the Xia Dynasty as well. Indeed, archaeological work in the Henan and Shanxi provinces, along the ancient course of the Yellow River, has turned up evidence of a complex early Bronze Age culture from the correct time period. Most Chinese scholars are quick to identify this complex, called the Erlitou culture, with the Xia Dynasty, although some foreign scholars are more skeptical. The Erlitou digs reveal an urban civilization with bronze foundries, palatial buildings, and straight, paved roads. Finds from the Erlitou sites also include elaborate tombs. Within those tombs are grave goods including the famous  ding tripod  vessels, one of a class of artifacts known as ritual bronzes. Other finds include bronze wine jugs and jeweled masks, as well as ceramic mugs and jade implements. Unfortunately, the one type of artifact not discovered so far is any trace of writing that conclusively states that the Erlitou site is one and the same with the Xia Dynasty. China’s Xia Dynasty Yu the Great, c. 2205 – c. 2197 BCEEmperor Qi, c. 2146 – c. 2117 BCETai Kang, c. 2117 – c. 2088 BCEZhong Kang, c. 2088 – c. 2075 BCEXiang, c. 2075 – c. 2008 BCEShao Kang, c. 2007 – c. 1985 BCEZhu, c. 1985 – c. 1968 BCEHuai, c. 1968 – c. 1924 BCEMang, c. 1924 – c. 1906 BCEXie, c. 1906 – c. 1890 BCEBu Jiang, c. 1890 – c. 1831 BCEJiong, c. 1831 – c. 1810 BCEJin, c. 1810 – c. 1789 BCEKong Jia, c. 1789 – c. 1758 BCEGao, c. 1758 – c. 1747 BCEFa, c. 1747 – c. 1728 BCEJie, c. 1728 – c. 1675 BCE To learn more, go to the list of China’s Dynasties.

3 Justifications for Altering Quotations

3 Justifications for Altering Quotations 3 Justifications for Altering Quotations 3 Justifications for Altering Quotations By Mark Nichol Generally, writers should not change the wording in quotations, but quotations that lack context or that include a gratuitous word or phrase should be repaired, as shown in the following examples. 1. â€Å"Without those tools, she said, ‘It’s as if years ago we had given them a pencil to write the essay and took away the eraser.’† When a partial paraphrase is inserted before a quotation to provide clarity or additional information, lowercase the first letter of the first word of the quotation even if it was originally a complete sentence: â€Å"Without those tools, she said, ‘it’s as if years ago we had given them a pencil to write the essay and took away the eraser.’† 2. â€Å"It [the fire] was both a setback and a great relief,† he later remarked. Avoid introducing a bracketed noun or noun phrase to specify what an ambiguous pronoun refers to in a quote. Instead, use the noun or noun phrase in a paraphrase and omit the pronoun from the partial quotation that follows: â€Å"The fire, he later remarked, ‘was both a setback and a great relief.’† 3. â€Å"I think it’s important to recognize that this issue is not a, quote, distraction,† she added. Omit, without comment, a speaker’s or writer’s use of the word quote (or the phrase â€Å"quote, unquote†) to signal emphasis or skeptical or ironic usage; simply frame the emphasized word or phrase in single quotation marks: â€Å"‘I think it’s important to recognize that this issue is not a â€Å"distraction,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ she added.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly WordsAcronym vs. Initialism15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Aims of the Law and the Common Good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aims of the Law and the Common Good - Essay Example The discussion will focus on the relationship between these issues and the provisions of specific laws, including the statutory provisions, constitutional provisions and legal opinions. The aim of this paper is to develop philosophical arguments, critiquing various arguments on the proper aims of law. a) Laws Permitting or Prohibiting Gay Marriage; The role of the law is among other things, to create solutions to the problems that are said to arise when community’s lives face difficulties. It is clear that any law should appreciate the rules of change, while seeking to adjudicate the difficulties it is created to resolve. The laws that either prohibit or permit gay marriage can be said to be introducing new social rules. The Congress in 1996 approved the Defense of Marriage Act, which sought to prevent the Federal Government from recognizing same sex marriages (Canale et al., 2009). The law also mandated states from recognizing same sex marriages that had been celebrated in ot her states. However, in certain states, same sex marriages are permitted while other states seek to acknowledge same sex marriages celebrated in other jurisdictions. States like Maryland have passed laws legalizing same sex marriages, but are subjecting them to referendum during the 2012 elections. The controversy surrounding same sex marriages is not spared in the courts. ... trict Court of Massachusetts, held that it was a denial of federal rights to a lawfully married Massachusetts same sex couples, under the Defense Marriage Act, and this was a violation of their constitutional rights. It is clear that marriages between people of the same sex are challenged in courts, and it is fundamental for any judge to determine that aim of the law permitting or prohibiting same sex marriage. In so doing, the Judge should consider the common good of the people (Canale et al., 2009). This issue seems to be more intertwined with the theoretical underpinnings of the Utilitarianism theory which is more concerned with the normative ethics. John Stuart Mills advanced this theory with the view that the overall role of the law is to derive happiness to the greatest number in the society. The fact that same sex marriage is only recognized at the state level raises the question as to why one state would permit it, while the other state prohibits it. The definition in the Def ense Marriage Act is within the traditional customary practices of the institution of marriage. The family was the basic unit of life and it served as basic unit of life through reproduction. This definition seeks to define a marriage within the meaning of the general segment of the American society. However, the states are said to be more distinct, particularly in the development of legislation that recognizes same sex couples. It is thus submitted that marriage laws are mainly determined by the state as opposed to the federal government, thus the Defense of Marriage Act does not seek to prevent the individual states from defining marriage, as they deem fit for the purpose of meeting the common good of their constituents (Finnis, 2011). This is seen to be the utilitarian approach as

Cheap lapor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cheap lapor - Essay Example In addition to the assistantships program, the graduate students also have access to educational funding. This is basically to attract more international students to take advantage of the outstanding graduate programs the university offers. Assistantships are the most regular schemes of financial backing to graduate studies. Since the implementation of the said development plans, close to 65 percent of graduate students admitted yearly at the university are beneficiaries of graduate student assistantships (Purdue.edu). As a graduate student at Purdue University, you may benefit from teaching, research, or administrative/specialized assistantships to assist you cater for educational costs and at the same time benefiting from rich employment experience. However, students need to note that when they secure an assistantship, they are regarded as part time workers with the university and the will enjoy all the benefits of assistantship (Purdue.edu). Among these benefits include: Students also need to know that assistantship program is not limited on department; that is, they can either secure assistantships from their departments of admission or from other department that is not relevant to their faculty, but this is limited to the areas of placements and availability of chances. This plan is made subject to the continued outcry of our graduate students who are benefiting from the graduate assistantship program. The concern by the student is founded on the following main reasons; Therefore, this negotiation plan is developed principally to address these three main concerns by our graduate students under the assistantship program. In addressing this issue, it is imperative that we give background information regarding the graduate program, graduate student government, VP /dean of graduate school, President of the Graduate Student Group (Todd, 34). The history of the university dates back to 1862 the then president of the United States Lincoln

Country’s economy Essay Example for Free

Country’s economy Essay These are goods that cannot be provided by the private sector but are very essential to the development of a country’s economy. They are usually very expensive undertakings with fewer returns or take a long time for the investors to recoup their money back. This makes them to be less attractive to the private sector investors who are mainly driven by the profit motive and would thus be unwilling to invest their resources in such projects. The government has the mandate of providing such goods that are very essential which have indivisible cost with a marginal cost of zero (Kaul, 2006). It is not possible to practically charge the public for the utilizing such goods. The government can therefore, only collect taxes from the public to enable it provide public goods. Public goods in this category include roads and state security provided by the policemen who are paid by the government. There are other public goods that even though, they have high returns and the private sector can be able to invest in them, they cannot be allowed to do so by the government due to the amount of risk involved. Manufacturing or trading of weapons is a risky activity that no government can be willing to allow it to be done by the private sector as it would put the public into a lot of risk since the private sector investors in such an industry would mostly be guided by the profit motive and not whether or not ammunitions will be on the wrong hands or the right ones (Kaul, 2006). The public goods are very important to everyone, including the private investors who shy away from investing their resources in such ventures. It is this importance that makes the government to be under obligation of providing such goods to its people since they are very essential and it is only the government that is best placed to provide them (Kaul, 2006). Reference: Kaul, I. (2006): What is a public good? Retrieved on 17th June 2009 from, http://mondediplo. com/2000/06/15publicgood.

Paradise Lost by John Milton :: Paradise Lost John Milton Essays

Paradise Lost by John Milton John Milton divided the characters in his epic poem Paradise Lost into two sides, one side under God representing good, and the other side under Satan representing evil and sin. Milton first introduced the reader to the character Satan, the representative of all evil, and his allegiance of fallen angels that aided in his revolt against God (Milton 35). Only later did Milton introduce the reader to all powerful God, leader and creator of all mankind (John). This introduction of Satan first led the reader to believe acts of sin were good, just like Eve felt in the Garden of Eden when she was enticed by Satan to eat the fruit off of the Tree of Knowledge (Milton 255). The later introduction of The Almighty had the readers change their feelings towards sin, as the ways of God were introduced to them and these ways were shown to be the way to feel and believe. This levy of good vs. evil carried on throughout the poem with the interaction of Satan and his fallen angels with God and his so n in Heaven.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The common representation of sin and evil came from the lead character in the battle against God, Satan. His name means "enemy of God." He was a former high angel from Heaven named Lucifer, meaning, "light bearer" (John). Satan became jealous in Heaven of God's son and formed an allegiance of angels to battle against God, only for God to cast them out of Heaven into Hell (Milton 35). This did not bother Satan at first since he became the leader in Hell rather than a servant in Heaven. Satan believed that it was, "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven" ( I-l. 263). Much of Satan's reliance on getting things accomplished came from his ability to lie and deceive. He lied to the fallen angels about the Son and his "vice-regency" in Heaven in order for them to follow him instead of The Son. He also concealed his true self by hiding in the body of a serpent when presenting himself to Eve in the Garden of Eden (Blessington 32). She would not have been as easily te mpted into sin had he not concealed his true form. In addition, Satan showed the reader a large amount of anger and destructiveness when he planned his revenge on God (Milton 62). Satan even found pleasure in the pain and destruction of other people and things, "To do aught good never will be our task, / But ever to do ill our soul delight" (qtd.

Barriers of Communication Essay

Reducing barriers whether be in general conversation or other mediums (e.g. emails, memos, or phone calls) is the responsibility of both the sender and receiver of the message. Techniques to improve communication and overcome barriers on the sender’s end would include being aware of barriers such as noise or distractions, be empathetic to the receiver, pay careful attention to nonverbal cues, and confirm understanding of the message they are sending (Baack, 2012). Baack (2012) also pointed out receivers must be active listeners and seek clarification of the message while also providing feedback to keep clarity in the conversation. Verbal and nonverbal cues play a huge role in communication. For example, brokers in the middle of the Wall Street stock exchange have the best nonverbal communications despite all the noise, distraction, and environmental barriers. Brokers have worked years on perfecting hand gestures to communicate with other members of their firms. This is one way to overcome such barriers. The use of evolved technologies such as email, power point, or text messages creates another barrier to overcome. The medium of message delivery can produce barriers with too many fonts, slang, emoticons, pictures, text talk, and unclear descriptions. This barrier is personal to me. I find my emails to be extremely detailed, full of industry jargon, and read as if I speak. After reading this chapter I see how my written messages confusion the receiver and cause unnecessary barriers and wasted time. I need to focus more on condensing my thoughts and making a concise clear message. Baack, D. (2012). Management communication. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education.

Food and Money Essay

Why did Huang Tsung-hsi see the well-field system as a foundation of a renewed Chinese culture and a stable political state? The well field was the center of a plot of land divided into 9 sections. Eight families farmed the plot; each held one of the sections and the central one belonged to lord of the whole plot. Why? The well-field system is believed to be the most ideal arrangement between landowners and tenants. Under this system, the families occupying each of the eight fields will befriend each other, cooperate in guarding the crops, watch each other’s back in case of danger, and rescue one another in times of trouble and illness. This system promotes harmony and equal treatment by the landlord. The burden of taxation is also distributed evenly among the families. Huang Tsung-hsi saw this system as the foundation of a renewed Chinese culture and stable political state because, as a follower of Mencius, he advocated that rulers must rule their subjects justly and well. Huang Tsung-hsi abhorred selfish autocratic rule. If a ruler promotes equal distribution, people will not be afraid of getting poor. If the people are assured of their just treatment, there will be peace in a society. Once people are content, government will not fail. In Ibn Khaldun’s analysis of Islamic society, did â€Å"group feeling† function in the same way as the well-field system did for Huang? In Ibn Khaldun’s analysis of Islamic society, he defined group feeling as subordinating of an individual’s personal needs to that of the interest of the group. He argued that if an individual won’t prioritize the group, there would be no peace and social development. Comparing this with the well-field system, I should say that in a way they are the same. The same because both systems promote solidarity and cooperation to achieve a purpose. In the well-field system, it can be assumed that individual needs are secondary in relation to what is best for the group. Works Cited Swann, Nancy. Food and Money in Ancient China. Princeton, 1950.

Extended families are making a comeback in many countries around the world Essay Example

Extended families are making a comeback in many countries around the world Essay Example Extended families are making a comeback in many countries around the world Essay Extended families are making a comeback in many countries around the world Essay Essay Topic: Extended Family is one of the most valuable and unreplaceable things that one is blessed with in a life-time. A household is the foundation to everyone’s life. The result of your life is dependent on your household. Ethical motives and values are obtained from your household circle. There are many types of household that exists in today’s society. each of import to the upbringing of kids. The most common type of households found in Maldives are extended household and atomic household. Nuclear household is a household unit consisting of a female parent and male parent and their kids. Extended household is a household group that consists of grandparents. parents. kids. siblings and their immediate household. uncles and aunts populating together in the same house. Harmonizing to Population and Housing Census. 2006 ( 2007 ) . approximately 80 per centum of Maldivian families consists of a individual atomic household composed of a married twosome and their kids instead than an drawn-out household. However. Male’ metropolis. the capital of Maldives is booming with more drawn-out households populating in the families. In fact. this development is due to people migrating to Male’ for better wellness installations. quality instruction. occupation chances and many more epicurean installations. However. drawn-out households populating together in Male’ has many benefits and drawbacks. Many people who have extended households find that due to several coevalss populating under the same roof. there are plentifulness of function theoretical accounts for the kids of the family to look up to and larn from. with many elder household members being able to go through down certain traditions to the younger members. In today’s universe where people talk about equal chance every bit good as high life costs. where both parents have to work in order to supply all the necessities for the kids. grandparents take attention of the younger kids. They see to that the kid has alimentary nutrient and maintain an oculus on them therefore forestalling them from acquiring into bad wonts. Besides they talk to the kids or portion narratives from their yesteryear which develops a strong bond between them. Bing in a bigger household with more people to speak to assist a kid develop quicker. For illustration. with more voices in the house. yearlings may get down speaking quicker. besides this helps kids their linguistic communication development. Harmonizing to What influences kid development? ( 2012 ) . the household that invests clip. energy and love in raising a kid will see the most positive growing. On the other manus. different experiences and beliefs each coevals grew up create barriers between coevalss. Grandparents have trouble basking grandchildren’s manner. works state of affairss. future programs or usage of new engineering. Grandchilds have trouble in understanding their grandparents because they feel that their privateness is being invaded. and their grandparents intervene in their life by puting bounds. Hence it develops struggle among the old coevals and the immature coevalss. Furthermore. life in Male’ really expensive. Harmonizing to the Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 2004. leasing families across all income groups paid around 45 per centum of their income on rent. Therefore sharing the rent and disbursals among all the members resulted in many household members populating in little families congested with a batch of household members. Even though disbursals of rent. public-service corporation measures and nutrients is shouldered by all members. misinterpretation and struggle arises on how members contribute to pick the measures and how they get to maximise the usage of things which are bought to the family. For illustration. a computing machine system bought by one sibling may be used more by a kid of another sibling and may non be available for usage when in demand. These sorts abuse of installations available create sibling competition. These sorts of struggles leads to fallout among members which take longer to forgive and statements can reignite really easy. On the other manus in an drawn-out household you can happen a stronger feeling of security being surrounded by household and knowing that there will be person to back up you when in demand. Like everyone being able to back up one another through a crisis such as one of the household members losing their occupation. In these instances. all extended household work together to back up each other until a new occupation can be found. Drawn-out households besides give the feeling of belonging because we see people who have a nexus to us through beginning. doing them experience something bigger than merely themselves. Harmonizing to Population and Housing Census 2006 ( 2007 ) . the capital Male’ with an country of about 2 sq. kilometer. accommodates 35 per centum of the country’s population of 298. 968. In short this means that Male’ which has ever been the centre of all development in the state consequences in overcrowded lodging units. Vulnerability and Poverty Assessment 2004 explains that between 1997 and 2004. the proportion of people populating in houses with 40 square pess or fewer of lodging countries per individual has increased from 17 to 22 per centum and the per centum of houses with a compound has decreased from 57 to 39 per centum hence doing the capital metropolis much more crowded. As a consequence members populating in a family have less personal privateness and weak household relationships. Most of the clip during weekends people want to be on their ain. but in an drawn-out household these types of freedom are non possible. It is surely upseting that person is playing cards or PS-3 or watching telecasting while others are working at place or analyzing for test or merely relaxing. If childs are contending and seniors have a misinterpretation so in these households people will non hold a peaceable environment. Parents find it hard to pass quality clip with their kids on an single footing and besides happen it impossible to hold private clip off from them. Lack of privateness is linked to depression and other negative psychological results like physical wellness. First household herding can bring forth emphasis that leads to illness. Second. through shared physical propinquity. family congestion contributes to the spread of catching disease. A important organic structure of research. conducted chiefly in flush states. has documented the unfavourable effects of lodging conditions on a scope of unwellnesss. including assorted contagious diseases. On the other manus. where most of the household are working to gain a better income. family jobs becomes easier as it is shared among all members. Worlds are societal. in footings of nature and therefore they can non populate entirely. Therefore. people’s character and moralss are grown and strengthened through household. It is proven that an drawn-out household is a better economic unit because it consumes lesser resources and provides more function theoretical accounts for behaviour of values. In decision life in drawn-out household is tough because you lose a important sum of freedom and is forced to give a batch for your household. But realize the value of holding household to assist and back up when in demand. Taking the state as a whole extended households will out win advantages over disadvantages. But respect to the capital metropolis. Male’ . disadvantages outweighs advantages of extended household.

Quotation Marks The Right Way to Use Punctuation Inside of Quotes

Quotation Marks The Right Way to Use Punctuation Inside of Quotes Quotation marks ( ) are a beloved form of punctuation in the English language, used to indicate a verbatim report on what someone said, and used in a great deal of business writing. They are often misused. This article will explain some punctuation rules and clear up some misconceptions held by many about proper usage of quotation marks with other punctuation marks. When to Put Periods and Commas Inside Quotes – The United States In the United States, commas and periods ALWAYS go INSIDE the quotation marks, whether or not the comma is actually part of the quotation. Here are some examples from some recent discussions on LinkedIn. Don’t expect this rule to be logical: CORRECT (in US): E.g. stands for â€Å"exempli gratia.† CORRECT (in US): As for [the phrase] â€Å"graduating college,† I’m not sure when it became correct. INCORRECT (in US): You are my â€Å"go-to person†. INCORRECT (in US): I was unaware of the difference [between initialisms and acronyms] until I heard it on the NPR program â€Å"A Way With Words†. INCORRECT (in US): â€Å"Its† is the possessive form of â€Å"it†, and is rare among possessives†¦ When to Put Periods and Commas Inside Quotes – The UK Australia Leave logic to the Brits. In the UK and Australia, they keep punctuation inside the quotation marks only when it is part of the quotation. For example: CORRECT (in UK): I was unaware of the difference [between initialisms and acronyms] until I heard it on the NPR program â€Å"A Way With Words†. CORRECT (in UK): You are my â€Å"go-to person†. CORRECT (in UK): â€Å"Its† is the possessive form of â€Å"it†, and is rare among possessives†¦ INCORRECT (In UK): E.g. stands for â€Å"exempli gratia.† INCORRECT (in UK): As for [the phrase] â€Å"graduating college,† I’m not sure when it became correct. When the Period or Comma is Part of the Quotation If the punctuation mark is part of the quotation, always put it inside the quotation marks! INCORRECT (everywhere): It is written, Man does not live by bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God. CORRECT (everywhere): It is written, Man does not live by bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God. Punctuating Letter Names Some grammarians say we should use the logical way of punctuating in the case of letters. For example: The eighth letter of the alphabet is â€Å"h†. Name three words that start with an â€Å"e†, and three that start with a â€Å"k†. I prefer to avoid this issue by italicizing the names of letters: The eighth letter of the alphabet is h. Name three words that start with an e, and three that start with a k. Exclamation Points and Question Marks When it comes to exclamation points and question marks, we all get to be logical. If the quote is a question or exclamation, include the punctuation inside the quotation marks. If it’s not, don’t. She asked, â€Å"Which way is it to the theater?† Did she say, â€Å"I absolutely love the theater, darling†? I’m so excited to see â€Å"In the Heights†! I get chills every time I hear King Richard declare, â€Å"Off with his head!† Semicolons and Colons Here’s some more good news: We get to be logical with semicolons and colons too! The following items go in the bin labeled â€Å"Paper Recycling†: magazines, newspapers, envelopes, and clean cardboard. Put magazines, newspapers, and envelopes in the bin labeled â€Å"Paper Recycling†; do not put paper towels, tissues, or greasy pizza boxes in there! (It’s so much fun to sneak a public service announcement into a grammar blog!) What if Im Canadian? All bets are off (or on, as the case may be), in Canada. Do it the way you think your readers will expect you to do it, or the way your editor requires you to do it. As far as I can tell, you get to choose unless under prescription by someone else. There are many more subtleties to the use of quotation marks. If you have questions, ask The Essay Expert. I’m happy to provide my most educated answer. If youre not already on our Grammar Writing Tips e-list and youd like more tips like this, sign up here. 😀 Log in to Reply Marji Yablon says: February 10, 2010 at 6:58 pm Up until today, I never doubted that punctuation any punctuation that wasnt part of a quote should go outside the quotation marks. After reading your post, out of curiosity, I skimmed some of my published articles. In every one of them, that little habit of mine had been corrected, so that it all agreed with the rules as you have explained them. In any back-and-forth Id done with an editor, I had failed to notice that change or maybe it had come later. So, thanks. From now on, I can give them their punctuation correctly from the start. But perhaps some day, Ill write the original version of something for a British publication. Then, Ill be able to both BE correct and FEEL correct! Log in to Reply Laurie Price says: April 24, 2012 at 8:34 am Re: What if Im Canadian? There is something called mid-Atlantic style, which I think of as a euphemism for Canadian. I have Canadian clients who request that I use: The Economist Styleguide which includes your suggestions for quote marks (in fact, their section on quote marks is fairly extensive), and for spelling issues, The New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors. My Canadian friends have verified this they spell analyze as analyse, and categorize as categorise, yet realize, memorize and finalize are spelled how we would spell them. Log in to Reply Mike says: March 20, 2013 at 1:44 pm Per British punctuation, are these correct? 1. I dont like his pithy sentence It is what it is. (Full stop outside?) 2. The sign said Keep off the Grass. (Full stop outside?) 3. I like the old adage A stitch in time saves nine. (Full stop outside?) 4. His email said, There will be a mandatory meeting on January 1, 2013 at Town Hall. Please be punctual. (Full stop outside?) 5. The signs Beware of dog, Swim at your own risk, Trespassers will be arrested and Shoplifters will be prosecuted were posted throughout the village. (Commas outside mid-sentence quotes?) Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 20, 2013 at 1:50 pm I believe the periods should be inside the quotation marks in #1, #3 and #4 since the periods are part of the quoted sentences. Log in to Reply Mike says: March 20, 2013 at 1:51 pm One more, please. Im thinking that No 2 below is correct with the ending punctuation like this (.) – the full stop inside both the double and single quote per British style. Am I right? If not, which is preferred and why? 1) Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position. 2) Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position. 3) Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position. Thank you. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 20, 2013 at 2:22 pm Again, since the quoted sentences include periods, I would put the periods inside the quotation marks. I would choose #2: Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position. In the United States, it would be: Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position.' Log in to Reply Mike says: March 20, 2013 at 11:05 pm Thank you. Last questions on this. Again, per *British* style, would the commas separate the questions after the exclamation points and question marks? 1) Barry hated his wifes How much did you drink?, How late were you out? and Did you cheat on me? questions. 2) When she screamedGet the hell out of here!, the children got scared. 3) When he said, Be careful what you wish for, most people listened. (Comma outside the the single quote after the word for?) 4) I called his mother a purveyor of malicious quips. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 21, 2013 at 12:43 am My best take on these: #1: I believe this sentence is correctly punctuated. #2: I dont think the comma is necessary here at all. #3: The comma here should be inside the quotation mark because it replaces the period. I know, its confusing. #4: Why are there two sets of quotation marks here? Log in to Reply Mike says: March 21, 2013 at 5:50 am Thank you. Log in to Reply Mike says: March 21, 2013 at 5:59 am In lieu of #4 (to more accurately depict the example), I believe this to be correct. Of course, I dont want to use italics here. Again, this is per BrE style. Im not sure whether I can define the word tergiversate. When they asked me to define the word tergiversate, I couldnt. (Comma outside of tergiversate mid-sentence as exampled?) Thats all I have on this subject. Youve been great, and I thank you for taking the time to answer my questions. Have a nice day! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 21, 2013 at 9:58 am In both these examples again I dont see the need for the double sets of quotation marks! Do you mean to ask about a sentence where someone said these things? He said, Im not sure whether I can define the word tergiversate. She complained, When they asked me to define the word tergiversate, I couldnt. Sometimes a better solution is to write the sentence in a different way so as to avoid these issues! For instance, He said that he was not sure whether he could define the word tergiversate. Log in to Reply Mike says: March 21, 2013 at 1:29 pm Yes. All I wanted to know was if somebody said it, would the sentence end as I had it – (.) Thank you for your time. Log in to Reply Avi Green says: May 29, 2018 at 1:59 pm Thank you! Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: May 30, 2018 at 11:14 am Youre welcome, Avi! Log in to Reply

Surrey Annual Environment Extravaganza Assignment

Surrey Annual Environment Extravaganza - Assignment Example The exposure to environmental crafts, extensive displays to create the awareness, to learn the vital lessons of gardening with the help of Surrey urban farmer's market and also to plant some of the native trees in the park are the prime attractions at the venue. Another major aspect being highlighted is the opportunity for the community groups to become an active participant in this programme with out any financial commitment. The environmental leadership programmes invites the interested community groups, organizations and even volunteers to join together to conduct inspirational and educational events with focus as the nature. Even the school groups have exclusive sessions where certain key programmes like fishing, understanding wildlife habits and habitats, and marine exploration are separately provided. Certainly this event would deliver much beyond the entertainment and enjoyment it ensures to all it visitors. This event would also help to create a small interest on environmenta l protection in the minds of every one especially the young ones who are considered as the drivers of tomorrow. Extensive research has been undertaken to assess the effect of trade fairs and also various trade initiatives to create a consciousness among consumers. The studies have also tried to evaluate the customer satisfaction levels and the utility of becoming more aware during the purchasing process. Though the literature available on the impact of environmental trade fairs might be very limited the experience gained from the research undertaken on the other sectors could be utilized to evaluate the Annual Surrey Environmental Extravaganza. One of the major issues that need to be understood is the consumer satisfaction of such international events. These type of events are arranged as a regular annual event and the proper response from the customers or visits to the trade shows cannot be ignored. Large number of studies have already been undertaken to evaluate the consumer satisfaction or dissatisfaction from such staging of services. It is said that the consumer satisfaction is a relativ e judgment that gives the consideration of quality and benefit through the process of purchase and the cost that customers have to bear in acquiring the benefit (Howard and Sheth, 1969). This could also give vital idea on the level of services being offered , quality and price of product. The consumer satisfaction is said to have different dimensions like common characteristics as well as factors of differences. The differences in the dimensions refers to an affective component in a transaction that the customer experiences only after any product or services have been purchased. The analysis of market scenario in United Kingdom show that significant rise is observed in the sale of fair trade products. The effort is also continuous being taken to understand the prime drivers in this initiative which strongly advocates the concept of ethical consumerism (Nicolls, 2002). Thus it has become necessary to evolve an ethical mix strategy to keep the market growth as well as the ethical component in the consumerist behavior at an

Family business organizational change Personal Statement

Family business organizational change - Personal Statement Example With this kind of situation, it appears that I will not need to conduct a thorough negation with Acico's top management but only a discussion with my father and sister. However, I am sure that my father will approve of my proposal since he has always been supportive with the strategies that we want to implement in the business organization. My sister has also taken this same course and I believe that she will also be more than willing to implement the transformation that is needed. However, as the organizational strategy that I would like to put in place focuses on the empowerment and motivation of the entire human resource, I believe that this effort should be commenced by consulting the other top executives about their position in the structural change. In this way, they will really feel my commitment of empowering and motivating them to excel in their positions. I have realized that it is imperative to first communicate the issues of change to the other executives in Acico, making sure that they understand it and embrace it. I am aware that some of them may be hesitant in implementing the necessary changes. Since the present organizational structure and system has worked for Acico for the past ten years, they might question the efficiency of the new system. Also, some of them may not want to alter the status quo with the fear that things will just turn out more complicated. In order to convince them, I realize the importance of preparing answers to their questions and skepticism. I will deal with these executive with the level of professionalism and expertise required of a top manager. My explanation will focus on the different concepts and case studies I have learned in this course, together with various real world experience of companies who also embraced this change. I will let them see that the change will be for the benefit of all the stakeholders of Acico in the long run including them. In the long run, these changes will become the foundation of the company's operation enabling our successors to run the business organization efficiently, create the shareholder value, and ensure the satisfaction of the customers. I will let them see that the workforce is one of the most important resources of the company as they are our strategic partners. Thus, they should also be aligned strategically in order to attain our organizational goals. I know that I will also be dealing with the mindset of some of the people in the organization. Being relatively less experienced than most of the company's executives, some of them may think that my sister and I are just young ladies equipped with MBA degrees, and thinking that we know it all, we implement changes within Acico. I believe that this misconception also needs to be changed. Through words and actions, it is my aim to communicate to the top management that we are implementing changes not because we want to prove ourselves but to improve the situation of everyone in the business organization. With the changes that I want to implement, Acico will be in a win-win situation where all of the employees are more productive because they are

Plastic Bag Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Plastic Bag - Essay Example In her book called Everything Is a Human Being, Alice Walker states, â€Å"While the earth is enslaved, none of us is free’’ (Walker 666). Accordingly, she suggested so long as the earth suffers, then each and every person, together with other living creature will suffer.As such, it is therefore essential for us to take actions to protect the Earth. To reverse the gains made in polluting the earth, a piece of legislation was enacted in August 2014. The law induced a ban on all plastic bags mostly used to pack commodities in chain retail stores was enacted. California was the first state to put to work the legislation. In this case, a large number of stalls complied with the directive. The bill,accented by Governor Jerry Brown, will be valid from July 1, 2015. Consumers are not able to get normal commodities in plastic bags in accordance with the provisions. The ban on the aforementioned traders has will soon trickle to other small scale traders such as convenience stores and other small food retailers after one year. the use plastic bag has been discredited for causing economic losses, damages the environment and ecosystem, and is harmful to human health, the authority will continue to engage in the throughout the united states since the use of plastic bags It is estimated that each and every American uses one plastic paper per day. As such, apart from the use of plastic bags by traders, the law also focuses on activities around producing plastic bags and dealing plastic bags trash involve high economic cost that add burden to the society. In addition, we regular reuse our plastic bags, we just throw them as a trash after one-time use.Approximately $10 million of the New York City money goes to send 100 thousand tons of plastic bags that are dumped as general trash in the landfill of South Carolina, Ohio and Pennsylvania every year. According to the deputy commissioner in charge of satiation in New York states that, â€Å"Plastic shopping bags are an

Analysing Existing Trends of Space Selling

Analysing Existing Trends of Space Selling Abstract If an ad is created and placed in the media, the costs of creation and time or space in the media must be paid for. This is a major area in which advertising departs from public relations. Advertising doesnt have that problem. If time or space is bought in the media, the ads (as long as they follow the guidelines set down for good taste, legal products and services, etc.) will appear. The drawback is that ads are clearly designed to extol the virtues of products and companies, and any ad is perceived by consumers as at least partly puffery. There are two basic ways to sell anything: personally and non-personally. Personal selling requires the seller and the buyer to get together. There are advantages and disadvantages to this. The first advantage is time: the seller has time to discuss in detail everything about the product. The buyer has time to ask questions, get answers, and examine evidence for or against purchase. A second advantage of personal selling is that the seller can see them. Finally, the seller can easily locate potential buyers. If they enter a store, they probably have an interest in something that store sells. Street vendors and door-to-door sellers can simply shout at possibilities, like the Hyde Park vendors who call out. From there on they fit their message to the individual customer, taking all the time a customer is willing to give them. From the above, it appears that personal selling is much better than advertising, which is non-personal. This is true. Advertising has none of the advantages of personal selling: there is very little time in which to present the sales message, there is no way to know just who the customer is or how she is responding to the message, the message cannot be changed in mid-course to suit the customers reactions. Products, services or ideas are the things that advertisers want consumers to buy (in the case of ideas, buy means accept or agree with as well as lay out hard, cold cash). However, there is more involved in products or services than simply items for purchase. A product is not merely its function. It is actually a bundle of values, what the product means to the consumer. That bundle may contain the products function, but also the social, psychological, economic or whatever other values are important to the consumer. Chapter 1: Introduction In an era when physical tail space is still at a premium, constrained by planning restrictions and rising costs, productive use of space is a key indicator of buying and merchandising success, and high space productivity depends on offering the right range, in a logical layout, with products available and easy for the customer to find. Decisions about how much space to devote to each product line and its location in the store play an important role in the pursuit of merchandising success. The aim of this chapter is to provide an insight into this process. 1.1 Space selling management: Space selling constraint applies to all retailers, but in non-store retailing the constraints are different. A mail order retailer, for example, has page space and the number of pages in a publication as constraining factors, whilst a TV shopping channel needs to break down the airtime to different products. However, internet retailing offers great opportunities for adding space without much additional resource input. The main constraint on the amount of space used in a virtual outlet is the customers attention span. In spite of this additional freedom, the objectives of space allocation are essentially the same no matter which retail format is used. The management of retail space is concerned with a number of key objectives. The first is to optimize both short-term and long term returns on the investment cost of retail pace. The second is to provide a logical, convenient and inspiring interface between the product range and the customer. This can be particularly important in a large store, where customers can quite easily become overwhelmed and lost. Another objective is to make sure that the right selection of products is available; that products fit into the retail space and that stock-outs are avoided. Choice for the customer is maximized when the best selection for them is put into the available space. Space allocation aim has an important role to play in communicating the retail brand, When ice is managed centrally it helps a chain of retail outlets to achieve visual consistency, so that customers arc reassured by the similarity of the store layout and shelf appearance. 1.2 The Space Management Process: A retailer goes through a number of stages when allocating space to products. These four stages will they used as a framework for the Inclusion of discussion topics within this chapter. Measuring Space Selling: Although space in a store outlet is three dimensional, retail space is often measured in square, rather than cubic units, Square units arc appropriate where, for example in fashion retailing, a variety of single tier fixtures stand on the shop Iloor (see FigureS. I). Many fixtures, however, arc multilevel and so more appropriate ways of measuring space to allocate might be on the basis of linear or cubic footage (see Figures 8.2 and 8.3). Measurements of space that are more specific to individual retailers might be useful, such as the number of pages to be published in a catalogue or the total number of fixtures available in an outlet. Space Productivity: The two principal measures of retail success arc sales and profits. Sales volume and profitability can also he measured in relation to the amount of space used to generate those levels of sales and profits. This can then be compared with the level of financial investment in that space. The resulting measures express the productivity of retail space. Sales (or profits) per square meter is a commonly used measure of retail space productivity, which is an important concept in the evaluation of retail product management performance. Dividing the space into selling areas: At this stage, space management is concerned with allocating space to different product areas, defined according to individual retail businesses, but usually on the basis of product (department or category. The amount of space will he determined to a greater extent on previous performance indicators, typically sales values. However, sonic products, because of their physical characteristics may need disproportionate amounts of space in relation to sales. In a department store, home furnishings may need a relatively large amount of space to generate a good level of sales because the products are bulky, a large variety of merchandise is needed for customers to choose from and a lot of display space is needed to do the product justice. On the other hand, jewellery is a high value product category that needs relatively small amounts of space for display and selling purposes. The stage a product category is at in its life cycle is likely to influence the space allocation at this level. If a category is growing, then more space should be allocated, whereas a declining category needs to have its space rationalizes. Measuring selling space using square metres Using linear measurement for space selling Using cubic measurement for space selling Typical â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"hotspots In a Space selling Particularly evident in department stores, where specialist products such as furniture and home entertainment, as well as hairdressing salons and customer service departments   located on basement or upper floors, Customer flow can also be encouraged by locating high demand items throughout the store layout, with plenty of impulse items located in between. Retailers need to find a balance between maximizing sales of high demand products, generating flow around slower selling products (which may have higher profit margins), and providing logic and convenience in the layout for the customer, Product adjacencies: A logical route through the different product categories or departments is part of a customer focused offer, and can encourage linked sales. For example, in a baby equipment retailer like Mother cares it makes sense for merchandise to be grouped into themes for space planning purposes. These product themes are then presented in a logical way to the customer as they move through the store. Products for immediate needs, such as feeding and general baby care come first, followed by bath time and clothes; and then on to the more expensive, one purchases in the travel and nursery departments. The barbecue season provides a good opportunity for retailers to generate interest and sell distinctive groups of complementary products. Some of these products are strictly seasonal: the barbecues themselves and the briquettes for example. However, other products can be given additional space allocations in the seasonal aisle as part of the â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"barbecue category. Firelighters, matches, marinades, sauces, disposable tableware and beer are products that are found around the supermarket throughout the year, but are given a boost In the barbecue season by being merchandised as complementary goods. It is estimated that guests take an average equivalent of eight drinks when they are Invited to a barbecue, and â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"studies (bulk packed small bottles of beer) are particularly popular for barbecues as they are easy to handle, â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"women friendly, and easily chilled. Whilst the majority of barbecue beer is bulk purchased In advance from supermarkets, and then chilled down at home, convenience store retailers are often used for guests to buy drinks en route, and so providing chilled beer becomes important for this type of retail format. Allocation space to individual product: Having made a plan for the layout of departments or categories within the retail outlet, the next stage is to make a decision about exactly how individual product lines should be displayed within the outlet, whether the product is going to sit on a fixture, or be represented by a photograph within a page spread. Various approaches to space allocation are discussed, for example by using sales or profits as a guideline, some practical challenges arc considered, and the relationship between category management and space allocation is explored in this section. Allocating space on the basis of sale: The guiding principle here is the more a product sells, the more space it should be given. Retaining a high stock service level will depend on retailers ensuring that they devote enough space to a high demand product, such as milk, to prevent replenishment of that item becoming inefficient and inconvenient to the customer. A fast selling item however may not be one that a retailer makes much profit on (again milk is a good example), and so they may decide to allocate more space to their profitable lines. In taking this approach, however, the retailer is likely to encounter the problem of not devoting enough space to fast moving lines, so a balance has to be achieved. Another decision that has to be made is which â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"sales figure should he used for the allocation exercise, Alternatives are historical sales figures (for that outlet); market share figures; or projected sales figures. Store A is a branch of clothing retailer XYZ in a medium sized town centre. Ten miles away there Is a regional shopping centre where branch B Is located and twelve miles In the opposite direction, branch store C Is located In the heart of a city centre shopping complex. The policy of retailer XYZ is to offer a returns policy In all of its stores for products bought in any outlet nationwide (including those purchased from its web site). Shoppers from the town where store A is located, often take shopping trips to the neighboring centres, where B and C are located, especially if they are wanting to make a major purchase such as a coat or a suit, and require a wide choice of retail stores to select from. Unfortunately for store A, any unwanted products usually end up being returned to the customers local store. This has the effect of distorting the sales figures for store A, upon which space allocation decisions are made. Unfortunately, the retailers information system does not recogniz e the difference between a returned garment from the original store and one returned from a different outlet. In order to counteract this problem, which can be quite widespread, a retailer would need to allocate space on the basis of estimated sales rather than historical sales. Space elasticity: Allocating space according to a measure of sales assumes that there a relationship between the amount of space and the rate of sales, this relationship is termed the space elasticity of a product and it refers to the extent to which the sales of a product will change in response to a changed. In the amount of space allocated to that product Research suggests that space elasticity not uniform amongst products, or across stores or departmental locations. Using profit measures as a basis for space allocation ill prevent a business manager from allocating large amounts of best quality retail space to unprofitable products. They could mean, however, that a retailer was allocating unnecessarily large amounts of space to products that would sell as well with a smaller space. Profitable lines may not in fact sell very quickly at all, and allocating extra facings or shelves of the product may have very little impact on the sales of the product. In this case the quality of the space becomes important, so the retailer can locate high profit items in locations around the stare that arc better selling. The relationship between the sales and generated by different products, and suggests how space and ranging decisions should be made accordingly. Allocating space according to sales, and in particular, product profitability, is working with the interests of the retailer, and not the customer in mind and therefore may suggest an illogical and prese ntation of products. Long term profitability depends on customer loyalty, which is dependent (among many other things) upon being satisfied with the presentation and assortment of products. Fine tuning the allocation of space within a retail outlet therefore requires extensive amounts of high quality data, together with a pragmatic and customer orientated managerial approach at store level. Productivity and efficiency and towards are visual display improvements. Once an optimum level of efficiency is achieved, space planners can move onto the objective of making their products and fixtures more attractive than their competitors. Some of the latest planning systems are able to simulate the entire store environment, so that the product manager can view an attractive plan in virtual reality and make any adjustments they fed are necessary. Recent space optimization technology applications offer the opportunity to create specific platform. Space Allocation and Category Management: Although the performance of individual product lines is Important to retailers in terms of the rate of sales which influences availability and the levels of contribution to turnover and profitability, the focus of performance In many retail organizations is at product category, rather than individual SKU level. A retailer is more interested in overall levels of sales and profits generated by their product range, rather than the sales of a single line that might be of interest to its manufacturer. The product category has emerged as a manageable classification for most aspects of product management, and certainly applies in the case of space management. In fact, many would argue that space planning and allocation and the systems that drive the process can only be properly implemented in tandem with a category management approach. Category management seeks to optimize the depth and variety of a product assortment within a specified amount of retail space and to generate maximum profitability by seeking efficiency in the operations that support the depth and variety. This includes replenishing to guarantee availability and adding new products and running promotions to generate customer interest and increase short term sales of particular products, without harming the overall profitability of the category. Space allocation systems allow (Inc tuning of a category assortment, provide the means by which product and category performance can be monitored and analyzed. and by using the programme output the plans can he easily communicated and successfully implemented within the various retail out lets. In some categories key brands are dominant, in which case their presence needs to have immediate impact within the space allocation plan. Other categories are very competitive, in which case low price, budget own brand and promotional products strongly on the promotional. Many businesses use the principle that shoppers will a category from bottom to top, and left to right, and so well-known brands arc placed on middle and lower shelves on the left of the category space in order to provide strong cues to the customer. Premium products meanwhile are placed on high level shelves, selecting their high quality positioning, and the fact that the customer for premium products will seek out the better quality product within the category. In some categories the customer decision-making processes are quite unique and nerd to he fully reflected within space allocation plans. For example, the decision sequence for wine is generally as follows: Colour Country of origin Price Level - Brand Whereas the decision sequence for yoghurt might be: Natural or flavored type (low fat, standard or luxury) - Price Level Brand Name These decision processes should determine how products arc displayed within the category space. In certain modes, if the product is maintained in the offer, long-term customer satisfaction will be retained In spite of the Individual poor product performance. Therefore it is the stores personality traits that determine the core product ranges, and not the size; the size of the outlet determines the width and depth of the selling type that would appeal to the local customers, Stores are empowered with the merchandise that allows them to drive local market opportunities and local suppliers can also be involved in the process of providing tailored products for individual store needs, As retailers offer more formats from which customers may choose to shop, format preferences and product preferences can be matched, For example, Tesco found that its online shoppers tended to from more affluent backgrounds, and so the on-line product offer is tailored accordingly, with a large range of wines and few value lines, For many small retailers the cost of a computerized space planning is prohibitive, and so many rely on basic sales and profit margin analysis combined with trial and error in space allocation decision making. 1.3 Summary: A great deal of space selling is carried out in order to achieve relatively short-term retail objectives, such as maximizing the benefits of a product or departmental promotion, meeting seasonal sales figures, or improving branch profitability. However, the long term strategic objectives of the retailer provide the framework within which these decisions are taken. Space allocations must be in line with the overall positioning strategy of the retailer; the variety and depth of assortment and the stock availability service level should not be compromised by the need for short-term productivity gains. In addition, the arrangement of products around the store needs to be considered in the light of the contribution that product items, brands and categories make to the positioning statement, it may be necessary to over-represent new products or to allocate extra space to growing or seasonal categories in order to reinforce an innovative product positioning strategy. The local customer prof ile may also lead to exceptional space allocations in an effort to meet individuals requirements more closely. However, the retailers space is the extent of its empire, and every inch of that space must be used to its maximum effect even if, as we shall see in the next two chapters, some space is designed to he devoid of products. The measurement of that effect, however, must be appropriate in terms of the overall aims for that space. Chapter 2: Literature Review Space Selling: Space selling refers to space available for advertising in different media. The advertising media available are print, electronic outdoor. The space available and intend for advertising in different media. Decision about how much space to devote to each product line and its location plays an important role in the pursuit of merchandising success. The aim of this thesis is to have an insight into this process. First will have to understand that the services of every publication/channel, costs of space selling. The ads featured in it. And a space seller to sell that advertising space/time to potential advertisers. 2.1 UCPL acquires marketing and space-selling rights for Lemon TV and Jhankar TV: K Sera Seras recently launched free-to-air channels music channel Lemon TV, and Hindi movie channel Jhankar TV have appointed Universal Communication Pvt. Ltd (UCPL) for their marketing and space-selling rights. UCPL is a player in the space of airtime selling and marketing of serials, television programmes and feature films for various television networks in India. Jhankar TV will particularly target the Hindi speaking audience. This is a channel that would reach to the audience of cable and satellite in UP, Bihar, MP and Rajasthan. On the other hand, for Lemon TV, they are planning to have different kinds of event and programmes like Lemon party. This will bring in more interactivity too with the relevant TG. When asked about the marketing challenges for these new channels, Every new channel in India right now faces the challenges of clutter and telling the advertiser what difference does this channel bring to the table, and what is the value addition. These channels are also in the same situation and we are confident about overcoming these challenges. UCPL is associated with media and advertising agencies like Mindshare, Mediaedge:cia, Madison, McCann Erickson, Lintas, etc., and with clients like Hindustan Unilever, Procter Gamble, and Godrej, among others. As a company, UCPL has now diversified into full-fledged events and brand promotions, striving to create and mange innovative concepts, thus offering their client complete 360-degree solutions. 2.2 Using the blogging concept to sell wikis: If a person understands what a blog is, the wiki may be compared and contrasted to a blog. A blog enables a single person to get a message out. A wiki enables a group of persons to assemble a body of knowledge. A wiki can be presented as a blog with one major post (the purpose, topic, idea of the wiki) that others can build knowledge around, without the initiating post getting buried in archives as new posts arrive and are displayed in reverse chronological order. A wiki may be sold as a horizontal blog platform. Blogs are vertical, recent updates on top, all others shoved down into oblivion, with only tags, categorical sidebar listings, or site search to dredge them up again. But a wiki distributes all the information in a more horizontal, flat, single surface that stretches through pages spread out, not sedimented. The wiki may be sold as a web site set up for idea construction; it is team-architected rather than single-authored. Blogs tend to be univocal and identifiable; one known person expounding a position, with audience members invited to comment on the sermonizing, but not really authorized to begin their own topic threads. Wikis are multimodal and transiently anonymous, many unknown people working together. A wiki, thus is like a super-democratized blog. A blog where the walls between bloggers are audience is dissolved. The audience members become the contributing authors and the originating authors become the audience, and vice vers a. 2.3 Modern Trends in Working Styles: Another interesting way of presenting wikis has to do with the fact that they allow for easy remote working. One of the main advantages a wiki provides is the fact that it is available from any internet-connected web browser, at any time. Information can be worked on efficiently in an asynchronous manner. In this regard, wikis solve tricky coordination problems. Whats more, a wiki provides a virtual space where all relevant business information can be stored. Hence people working from different places, at different times of the day can still end up with a coherent document. A wiki is more efficient than e-mail for the resulting document can almost be exploited immediately and its last version is always on top (which is quite useful when working with more then one person). 2.4 The Advantages of Asynchronous Communication: Wiki content growth and increasing value in an organization by facilitating asynchronous communication which is often more convenient than other forms of collaboration that require face time or same time. On the other extreme, making large batches of content (Power Point, White Papers) are inefficient simply because they require the author to provide context and content, some of which may be error laden or out-of-date. Wikis allow smaller batches of contribution to appear at any time, thus relieving two bottlenecks to collaboration. Add to this the fact that they are completely auditable for contribution, and the need for creating credit concurrently is removed. 2.5 ROI on social software: Being able to make a business case will be very important to all convince for every enterprises and after than to make a start on adopting social software. Charlene Li has a contribution about ROI on blogging. But Return on investment has to be calculated for all sorts of social software. Then again, ROI is becoming increasingly irrelevant when online collaboration tools and social media platforms are available for free, or at extremely low cost. Many companies find they can get along just fine with the free versions of blogs (lBlogger), podcasting (Odeo), video uploading and player embeds (YouTube), and wikis (Socialtext). ROT (return on time) is the far more challenging aspect of social software. It takes a significant investment in time to become known in the blogosphere, for example. Bloggers must spend large amounts of time in researching topics, writing posts, linking to other Blogs, interacting with comment posters, reading other Blogs, posting comments at other Blogs, producing multimedia content, emailing other bloggers, and adding features and functionalities to a blog. All this in addition to remaining informed about ones industry or field of study. Warning top management about falling behind in competitive technology should be sufficient to begin a case for online collaboration tools. Explaining that the trends are massively aligned, user-generated content, customer co-creation of product, corporate contributions to innovation, and universal content utopia, advocates of social software and user media can point to great examples of Peer Pioneers companies leading the way: PG, IBM/Linux, Second Life, Digg, Jigsaw, YouTube, and InnoCentive. 2.6 Successful Strategies for Selling Ad Space on Low-Traffic Websites: Upon first thinking about it, the idea of selling advertising on a website or blog with limited traffic seems a bit daft. After all, arent most advertisers interested in putting their product in front of the highest number of eyeballs possible? Approaching them with piddly visitor numbers seems like a surefire way to end up in the deleted folder. But though it may feel like putting the cart before the horse, there are many good reasons and ways to sell ad space on low-traffic websites. What you need to always keep in mind is that, while advertisers are drawn to high traffic numbers, they desire something else even more: high conversion rates. There are plenty of success stories of websites that have limited traffic but sell a ton of advertising. These websites succeed because they do one thing well: they deliver the right type of customer to the right type of business. Space selling concept: * Take a close look at your website Whether they sell landscape or skyscraper ads, text ads, video or any other format, they have to offer something of value before you can start to sell advertising space. They know this sound obvious, but it always surprises them how many publishers and online media owners come up with a niche product that nobody wants to buy advertising space in! If they are going to make a fortune in selling subscriptions or other membership related offerings, then fine but in most cases, forget about their hobby or leisure interest, unless it is unique and offers a great angle. Do make sure their product is going to be attractive to a large enough audience before they attempt to sell advertising and if they have a fair bit of competition, make sure that they have some unique selling points and formats. As they move into Web 2.0 the requirements from a lot of advertisers will change. If they can offer a new format or idea and take the hard work out of it for th e advertiser, they are onto a winner. If they dont, theyll lose out to their rivals. * Choosing ad formats that will sell Not all ad formats sell well on ALL websites. Put another way, some ads work better on consumer websites than they do on business sites and visa versa. The trick is to test their ads with different messages, fonts, colours and designs. This research will be well worth it in the end and can make the difference between making a decent revenue stream and making a substantial one. One of the biggest things to bear in mind is where the advertising should be placed. If they sell products on their site, there is very little point displaying adverts, which could detract potential customers away from their own sales message. So, the first thing they need to do is highlight the sections and pages where they are happy to accept advertising. When they have done that, they can then take a look at design and placement. Always think of the customer when you think about designs, placements and tracking. Make it simple for advertisers to find and relate to the f ormats, as they will have to justify the ad spend to their bosses. * Reporting and statistics This is a vital part of their business! Remember, communication is the key to long-term success. If they dont have a good reporting and stats package in place, then they will find it difficult to show their customers what they are/could be getting from their services. This can take a bit of time to set up, but it really is worth the time and money they put into it. Once in place, it can be automated to match their business model and to provide an essential package for their existing and potential customers. Remember out of sight, out of mind leave it to their competitors to make this mistake! * What are their competitors doing well? Even if they are offering a good service, they bet there is something they can learn from their competition. Some media companies do have the luxury of having someone w Analysing Existing Trends of Space Selling Analysing Existing Trends of Space Selling Abstract If an ad is created and placed in the media, the costs of creation and time or space in the media must be paid for. This is a major area in which advertising departs from public relations. Advertising doesnt have that problem. If time or space is bought in the media, the ads (as long as they follow the guidelines set down for good taste, legal products and services, etc.) will appear. The drawback is that ads are clearly designed to extol the virtues of products and companies, and any ad is perceived by consumers as at least partly puffery. There are two basic ways to sell anything: personally and non-personally. Personal selling requires the seller and the buyer to get together. There are advantages and disadvantages to this. The first advantage is time: the seller has time to discuss in detail everything about the product. The buyer has time to ask questions, get answers, and examine evidence for or against purchase. A second advantage of personal selling is that the seller can see them. Finally, the seller can easily locate potential buyers. If they enter a store, they probably have an interest in something that store sells. Street vendors and door-to-door sellers can simply shout at possibilities, like the Hyde Park vendors who call out. From there on they fit their message to the individual customer, taking all the time a customer is willing to give them. From the above, it appears that personal selling is much better than advertising, which is non-personal. This is true. Advertising has none of the advantages of personal selling: there is very little time in which to present the sales message, there is no way to know just who the customer is or how she is responding to the message, the message cannot be changed in mid-course to suit the customers reactions. Products, services or ideas are the things that advertisers want consumers to buy (in the case of ideas, buy means accept or agree with as well as lay out hard, cold cash). However, there is more involved in products or services than simply items for purchase. A product is not merely its function. It is actually a bundle of values, what the product means to the consumer. That bundle may contain the products function, but also the social, psychological, economic or whatever other values are important to the consumer. Chapter 1: Introduction In an era when physical tail space is still at a premium, constrained by planning restrictions and rising costs, productive use of space is a key indicator of buying and merchandising success, and high space productivity depends on offering the right range, in a logical layout, with products available and easy for the customer to find. Decisions about how much space to devote to each product line and its location in the store play an important role in the pursuit of merchandising success. The aim of this chapter is to provide an insight into this process. 1.1 Space selling management: Space selling constraint applies to all retailers, but in non-store retailing the constraints are different. A mail order retailer, for example, has page space and the number of pages in a publication as constraining factors, whilst a TV shopping channel needs to break down the airtime to different products. However, internet retailing offers great opportunities for adding space without much additional resource input. The main constraint on the amount of space used in a virtual outlet is the customers attention span. In spite of this additional freedom, the objectives of space allocation are essentially the same no matter which retail format is used. The management of retail space is concerned with a number of key objectives. The first is to optimize both short-term and long term returns on the investment cost of retail pace. The second is to provide a logical, convenient and inspiring interface between the product range and the customer. This can be particularly important in a large store, where customers can quite easily become overwhelmed and lost. Another objective is to make sure that the right selection of products is available; that products fit into the retail space and that stock-outs are avoided. Choice for the customer is maximized when the best selection for them is put into the available space. Space allocation aim has an important role to play in communicating the retail brand, When ice is managed centrally it helps a chain of retail outlets to achieve visual consistency, so that customers arc reassured by the similarity of the store layout and shelf appearance. 1.2 The Space Management Process: A retailer goes through a number of stages when allocating space to products. These four stages will they used as a framework for the Inclusion of discussion topics within this chapter. Measuring Space Selling: Although space in a store outlet is three dimensional, retail space is often measured in square, rather than cubic units, Square units arc appropriate where, for example in fashion retailing, a variety of single tier fixtures stand on the shop Iloor (see FigureS. I). Many fixtures, however, arc multilevel and so more appropriate ways of measuring space to allocate might be on the basis of linear or cubic footage (see Figures 8.2 and 8.3). Measurements of space that are more specific to individual retailers might be useful, such as the number of pages to be published in a catalogue or the total number of fixtures available in an outlet. Space Productivity: The two principal measures of retail success arc sales and profits. Sales volume and profitability can also he measured in relation to the amount of space used to generate those levels of sales and profits. This can then be compared with the level of financial investment in that space. The resulting measures express the productivity of retail space. Sales (or profits) per square meter is a commonly used measure of retail space productivity, which is an important concept in the evaluation of retail product management performance. Dividing the space into selling areas: At this stage, space management is concerned with allocating space to different product areas, defined according to individual retail businesses, but usually on the basis of product (department or category. The amount of space will he determined to a greater extent on previous performance indicators, typically sales values. However, sonic products, because of their physical characteristics may need disproportionate amounts of space in relation to sales. In a department store, home furnishings may need a relatively large amount of space to generate a good level of sales because the products are bulky, a large variety of merchandise is needed for customers to choose from and a lot of display space is needed to do the product justice. On the other hand, jewellery is a high value product category that needs relatively small amounts of space for display and selling purposes. The stage a product category is at in its life cycle is likely to influence the space allocation at this level. If a category is growing, then more space should be allocated, whereas a declining category needs to have its space rationalizes. Measuring selling space using square metres Using linear measurement for space selling Using cubic measurement for space selling Typical â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"hotspots In a Space selling Particularly evident in department stores, where specialist products such as furniture and home entertainment, as well as hairdressing salons and customer service departments   located on basement or upper floors, Customer flow can also be encouraged by locating high demand items throughout the store layout, with plenty of impulse items located in between. Retailers need to find a balance between maximizing sales of high demand products, generating flow around slower selling products (which may have higher profit margins), and providing logic and convenience in the layout for the customer, Product adjacencies: A logical route through the different product categories or departments is part of a customer focused offer, and can encourage linked sales. For example, in a baby equipment retailer like Mother cares it makes sense for merchandise to be grouped into themes for space planning purposes. These product themes are then presented in a logical way to the customer as they move through the store. Products for immediate needs, such as feeding and general baby care come first, followed by bath time and clothes; and then on to the more expensive, one purchases in the travel and nursery departments. The barbecue season provides a good opportunity for retailers to generate interest and sell distinctive groups of complementary products. Some of these products are strictly seasonal: the barbecues themselves and the briquettes for example. However, other products can be given additional space allocations in the seasonal aisle as part of the â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"barbecue category. Firelighters, matches, marinades, sauces, disposable tableware and beer are products that are found around the supermarket throughout the year, but are given a boost In the barbecue season by being merchandised as complementary goods. It is estimated that guests take an average equivalent of eight drinks when they are Invited to a barbecue, and â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"studies (bulk packed small bottles of beer) are particularly popular for barbecues as they are easy to handle, â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"women friendly, and easily chilled. Whilst the majority of barbecue beer is bulk purchased In advance from supermarkets, and then chilled down at home, convenience store retailers are often used for guests to buy drinks en route, and so providing chilled beer becomes important for this type of retail format. Allocation space to individual product: Having made a plan for the layout of departments or categories within the retail outlet, the next stage is to make a decision about exactly how individual product lines should be displayed within the outlet, whether the product is going to sit on a fixture, or be represented by a photograph within a page spread. Various approaches to space allocation are discussed, for example by using sales or profits as a guideline, some practical challenges arc considered, and the relationship between category management and space allocation is explored in this section. Allocating space on the basis of sale: The guiding principle here is the more a product sells, the more space it should be given. Retaining a high stock service level will depend on retailers ensuring that they devote enough space to a high demand product, such as milk, to prevent replenishment of that item becoming inefficient and inconvenient to the customer. A fast selling item however may not be one that a retailer makes much profit on (again milk is a good example), and so they may decide to allocate more space to their profitable lines. In taking this approach, however, the retailer is likely to encounter the problem of not devoting enough space to fast moving lines, so a balance has to be achieved. Another decision that has to be made is which â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"sales figure should he used for the allocation exercise, Alternatives are historical sales figures (for that outlet); market share figures; or projected sales figures. Store A is a branch of clothing retailer XYZ in a medium sized town centre. Ten miles away there Is a regional shopping centre where branch B Is located and twelve miles In the opposite direction, branch store C Is located In the heart of a city centre shopping complex. The policy of retailer XYZ is to offer a returns policy In all of its stores for products bought in any outlet nationwide (including those purchased from its web site). Shoppers from the town where store A is located, often take shopping trips to the neighboring centres, where B and C are located, especially if they are wanting to make a major purchase such as a coat or a suit, and require a wide choice of retail stores to select from. Unfortunately for store A, any unwanted products usually end up being returned to the customers local store. This has the effect of distorting the sales figures for store A, upon which space allocation decisions are made. Unfortunately, the retailers information system does not recogniz e the difference between a returned garment from the original store and one returned from a different outlet. In order to counteract this problem, which can be quite widespread, a retailer would need to allocate space on the basis of estimated sales rather than historical sales. Space elasticity: Allocating space according to a measure of sales assumes that there a relationship between the amount of space and the rate of sales, this relationship is termed the space elasticity of a product and it refers to the extent to which the sales of a product will change in response to a changed. In the amount of space allocated to that product Research suggests that space elasticity not uniform amongst products, or across stores or departmental locations. Using profit measures as a basis for space allocation ill prevent a business manager from allocating large amounts of best quality retail space to unprofitable products. They could mean, however, that a retailer was allocating unnecessarily large amounts of space to products that would sell as well with a smaller space. Profitable lines may not in fact sell very quickly at all, and allocating extra facings or shelves of the product may have very little impact on the sales of the product. In this case the quality of the space becomes important, so the retailer can locate high profit items in locations around the stare that arc better selling. The relationship between the sales and generated by different products, and suggests how space and ranging decisions should be made accordingly. Allocating space according to sales, and in particular, product profitability, is working with the interests of the retailer, and not the customer in mind and therefore may suggest an illogical and prese ntation of products. Long term profitability depends on customer loyalty, which is dependent (among many other things) upon being satisfied with the presentation and assortment of products. Fine tuning the allocation of space within a retail outlet therefore requires extensive amounts of high quality data, together with a pragmatic and customer orientated managerial approach at store level. Productivity and efficiency and towards are visual display improvements. Once an optimum level of efficiency is achieved, space planners can move onto the objective of making their products and fixtures more attractive than their competitors. Some of the latest planning systems are able to simulate the entire store environment, so that the product manager can view an attractive plan in virtual reality and make any adjustments they fed are necessary. Recent space optimization technology applications offer the opportunity to create specific platform. Space Allocation and Category Management: Although the performance of individual product lines is Important to retailers in terms of the rate of sales which influences availability and the levels of contribution to turnover and profitability, the focus of performance In many retail organizations is at product category, rather than individual SKU level. A retailer is more interested in overall levels of sales and profits generated by their product range, rather than the sales of a single line that might be of interest to its manufacturer. The product category has emerged as a manageable classification for most aspects of product management, and certainly applies in the case of space management. In fact, many would argue that space planning and allocation and the systems that drive the process can only be properly implemented in tandem with a category management approach. Category management seeks to optimize the depth and variety of a product assortment within a specified amount of retail space and to generate maximum profitability by seeking efficiency in the operations that support the depth and variety. This includes replenishing to guarantee availability and adding new products and running promotions to generate customer interest and increase short term sales of particular products, without harming the overall profitability of the category. Space allocation systems allow (Inc tuning of a category assortment, provide the means by which product and category performance can be monitored and analyzed. and by using the programme output the plans can he easily communicated and successfully implemented within the various retail out lets. In some categories key brands are dominant, in which case their presence needs to have immediate impact within the space allocation plan. Other categories are very competitive, in which case low price, budget own brand and promotional products strongly on the promotional. Many businesses use the principle that shoppers will a category from bottom to top, and left to right, and so well-known brands arc placed on middle and lower shelves on the left of the category space in order to provide strong cues to the customer. Premium products meanwhile are placed on high level shelves, selecting their high quality positioning, and the fact that the customer for premium products will seek out the better quality product within the category. In some categories the customer decision-making processes are quite unique and nerd to he fully reflected within space allocation plans. For example, the decision sequence for wine is generally as follows: Colour Country of origin Price Level - Brand Whereas the decision sequence for yoghurt might be: Natural or flavored type (low fat, standard or luxury) - Price Level Brand Name These decision processes should determine how products arc displayed within the category space. In certain modes, if the product is maintained in the offer, long-term customer satisfaction will be retained In spite of the Individual poor product performance. Therefore it is the stores personality traits that determine the core product ranges, and not the size; the size of the outlet determines the width and depth of the selling type that would appeal to the local customers, Stores are empowered with the merchandise that allows them to drive local market opportunities and local suppliers can also be involved in the process of providing tailored products for individual store needs, As retailers offer more formats from which customers may choose to shop, format preferences and product preferences can be matched, For example, Tesco found that its online shoppers tended to from more affluent backgrounds, and so the on-line product offer is tailored accordingly, with a large range of wines and few value lines, For many small retailers the cost of a computerized space planning is prohibitive, and so many rely on basic sales and profit margin analysis combined with trial and error in space allocation decision making. 1.3 Summary: A great deal of space selling is carried out in order to achieve relatively short-term retail objectives, such as maximizing the benefits of a product or departmental promotion, meeting seasonal sales figures, or improving branch profitability. However, the long term strategic objectives of the retailer provide the framework within which these decisions are taken. Space allocations must be in line with the overall positioning strategy of the retailer; the variety and depth of assortment and the stock availability service level should not be compromised by the need for short-term productivity gains. In addition, the arrangement of products around the store needs to be considered in the light of the contribution that product items, brands and categories make to the positioning statement, it may be necessary to over-represent new products or to allocate extra space to growing or seasonal categories in order to reinforce an innovative product positioning strategy. The local customer prof ile may also lead to exceptional space allocations in an effort to meet individuals requirements more closely. However, the retailers space is the extent of its empire, and every inch of that space must be used to its maximum effect even if, as we shall see in the next two chapters, some space is designed to he devoid of products. The measurement of that effect, however, must be appropriate in terms of the overall aims for that space. Chapter 2: Literature Review Space Selling: Space selling refers to space available for advertising in different media. The advertising media available are print, electronic outdoor. The space available and intend for advertising in different media. Decision about how much space to devote to each product line and its location plays an important role in the pursuit of merchandising success. The aim of this thesis is to have an insight into this process. First will have to understand that the services of every publication/channel, costs of space selling. The ads featured in it. And a space seller to sell that advertising space/time to potential advertisers. 2.1 UCPL acquires marketing and space-selling rights for Lemon TV and Jhankar TV: K Sera Seras recently launched free-to-air channels music channel Lemon TV, and Hindi movie channel Jhankar TV have appointed Universal Communication Pvt. Ltd (UCPL) for their marketing and space-selling rights. UCPL is a player in the space of airtime selling and marketing of serials, television programmes and feature films for various television networks in India. Jhankar TV will particularly target the Hindi speaking audience. This is a channel that would reach to the audience of cable and satellite in UP, Bihar, MP and Rajasthan. On the other hand, for Lemon TV, they are planning to have different kinds of event and programmes like Lemon party. This will bring in more interactivity too with the relevant TG. When asked about the marketing challenges for these new channels, Every new channel in India right now faces the challenges of clutter and telling the advertiser what difference does this channel bring to the table, and what is the value addition. These channels are also in the same situation and we are confident about overcoming these challenges. UCPL is associated with media and advertising agencies like Mindshare, Mediaedge:cia, Madison, McCann Erickson, Lintas, etc., and with clients like Hindustan Unilever, Procter Gamble, and Godrej, among others. As a company, UCPL has now diversified into full-fledged events and brand promotions, striving to create and mange innovative concepts, thus offering their client complete 360-degree solutions. 2.2 Using the blogging concept to sell wikis: If a person understands what a blog is, the wiki may be compared and contrasted to a blog. A blog enables a single person to get a message out. A wiki enables a group of persons to assemble a body of knowledge. A wiki can be presented as a blog with one major post (the purpose, topic, idea of the wiki) that others can build knowledge around, without the initiating post getting buried in archives as new posts arrive and are displayed in reverse chronological order. A wiki may be sold as a horizontal blog platform. Blogs are vertical, recent updates on top, all others shoved down into oblivion, with only tags, categorical sidebar listings, or site search to dredge them up again. But a wiki distributes all the information in a more horizontal, flat, single surface that stretches through pages spread out, not sedimented. The wiki may be sold as a web site set up for idea construction; it is team-architected rather than single-authored. Blogs tend to be univocal and identifiable; one known person expounding a position, with audience members invited to comment on the sermonizing, but not really authorized to begin their own topic threads. Wikis are multimodal and transiently anonymous, many unknown people working together. A wiki, thus is like a super-democratized blog. A blog where the walls between bloggers are audience is dissolved. The audience members become the contributing authors and the originating authors become the audience, and vice vers a. 2.3 Modern Trends in Working Styles: Another interesting way of presenting wikis has to do with the fact that they allow for easy remote working. One of the main advantages a wiki provides is the fact that it is available from any internet-connected web browser, at any time. Information can be worked on efficiently in an asynchronous manner. In this regard, wikis solve tricky coordination problems. Whats more, a wiki provides a virtual space where all relevant business information can be stored. Hence people working from different places, at different times of the day can still end up with a coherent document. A wiki is more efficient than e-mail for the resulting document can almost be exploited immediately and its last version is always on top (which is quite useful when working with more then one person). 2.4 The Advantages of Asynchronous Communication: Wiki content growth and increasing value in an organization by facilitating asynchronous communication which is often more convenient than other forms of collaboration that require face time or same time. On the other extreme, making large batches of content (Power Point, White Papers) are inefficient simply because they require the author to provide context and content, some of which may be error laden or out-of-date. Wikis allow smaller batches of contribution to appear at any time, thus relieving two bottlenecks to collaboration. Add to this the fact that they are completely auditable for contribution, and the need for creating credit concurrently is removed. 2.5 ROI on social software: Being able to make a business case will be very important to all convince for every enterprises and after than to make a start on adopting social software. Charlene Li has a contribution about ROI on blogging. But Return on investment has to be calculated for all sorts of social software. Then again, ROI is becoming increasingly irrelevant when online collaboration tools and social media platforms are available for free, or at extremely low cost. Many companies find they can get along just fine with the free versions of blogs (lBlogger), podcasting (Odeo), video uploading and player embeds (YouTube), and wikis (Socialtext). ROT (return on time) is the far more challenging aspect of social software. It takes a significant investment in time to become known in the blogosphere, for example. Bloggers must spend large amounts of time in researching topics, writing posts, linking to other Blogs, interacting with comment posters, reading other Blogs, posting comments at other Blogs, producing multimedia content, emailing other bloggers, and adding features and functionalities to a blog. All this in addition to remaining informed about ones industry or field of study. Warning top management about falling behind in competitive technology should be sufficient to begin a case for online collaboration tools. Explaining that the trends are massively aligned, user-generated content, customer co-creation of product, corporate contributions to innovation, and universal content utopia, advocates of social software and user media can point to great examples of Peer Pioneers companies leading the way: PG, IBM/Linux, Second Life, Digg, Jigsaw, YouTube, and InnoCentive. 2.6 Successful Strategies for Selling Ad Space on Low-Traffic Websites: Upon first thinking about it, the idea of selling advertising on a website or blog with limited traffic seems a bit daft. After all, arent most advertisers interested in putting their product in front of the highest number of eyeballs possible? Approaching them with piddly visitor numbers seems like a surefire way to end up in the deleted folder. But though it may feel like putting the cart before the horse, there are many good reasons and ways to sell ad space on low-traffic websites. What you need to always keep in mind is that, while advertisers are drawn to high traffic numbers, they desire something else even more: high conversion rates. There are plenty of success stories of websites that have limited traffic but sell a ton of advertising. These websites succeed because they do one thing well: they deliver the right type of customer to the right type of business. Space selling concept: * Take a close look at your website Whether they sell landscape or skyscraper ads, text ads, video or any other format, they have to offer something of value before you can start to sell advertising space. They know this sound obvious, but it always surprises them how many publishers and online media owners come up with a niche product that nobody wants to buy advertising space in! If they are going to make a fortune in selling subscriptions or other membership related offerings, then fine but in most cases, forget about their hobby or leisure interest, unless it is unique and offers a great angle. Do make sure their product is going to be attractive to a large enough audience before they attempt to sell advertising and if they have a fair bit of competition, make sure that they have some unique selling points and formats. As they move into Web 2.0 the requirements from a lot of advertisers will change. If they can offer a new format or idea and take the hard work out of it for th e advertiser, they are onto a winner. If they dont, theyll lose out to their rivals. * Choosing ad formats that will sell Not all ad formats sell well on ALL websites. Put another way, some ads work better on consumer websites than they do on business sites and visa versa. The trick is to test their ads with different messages, fonts, colours and designs. This research will be well worth it in the end and can make the difference between making a decent revenue stream and making a substantial one. One of the biggest things to bear in mind is where the advertising should be placed. If they sell products on their site, there is very little point displaying adverts, which could detract potential customers away from their own sales message. So, the first thing they need to do is highlight the sections and pages where they are happy to accept advertising. When they have done that, they can then take a look at design and placement. Always think of the customer when you think about designs, placements and tracking. Make it simple for advertisers to find and relate to the f ormats, as they will have to justify the ad spend to their bosses. * Reporting and statistics This is a vital part of their business! Remember, communication is the key to long-term success. If they dont have a good reporting and stats package in place, then they will find it difficult to show their customers what they are/could be getting from their services. This can take a bit of time to set up, but it really is worth the time and money they put into it. Once in place, it can be automated to match their business model and to provide an essential package for their existing and potential customers. Remember out of sight, out of mind leave it to their competitors to make this mistake! * What are their competitors doing well? Even if they are offering a good service, they bet there is something they can learn from their competition. Some media companies do have the luxury of having someone w